Tuesday, March 29, 2011

Rhinoceros :)

Rhinoceroses are big, tough-skinned animals of Africa and southern Asia.African black and white rhinos and the smaller Sumatran rhino have 2 horns in the middle of their heads. Indian and Javan  rhinos have just one.


Rhinoceros are killed by humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market, and which are used by some cultures for ornamental or (largely pseudo-scientific) medicinal purposes. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and fingernails.Powdered rhino horn is believed by some to be a love potion, so thousands of rhinos have been slaughtered and most kinds are now endangered species.Four of the five species of rhinoceros are in danger of extinction in the wild, due mostly to illegal trade in rhino horn and increasingly, to habitat loss. If not for conservation efforts, there would be no wild rhinos alive today.


If we want this animal to survive we need to start farming it. That's right - big, privately run ranches must be created, rhinos raised and their horns harvested. Don't worry, I'm not talking about slaughtering them: rhino horn is made of the same stuff as your fingernails, you can cut it off and the damn thing will even grow back - it's a sustainable resource.
Give the consumers what they want, flood the market, bring down the price, regulate the industry and we'll finally be able to save the rhino. If we don't, the only place our kids will see these animals will be in museums.
Saving Rhinos is dedicated to raising public awareness about the illegal rhino horn trade and exposing the truth behind this gruesome international business.Local educational community organizations who are working to increase support for rhino conservation can make a real difference.

Ten Good Reasons to save Rhinos...

1. Rhinos are critically endangered

2. Rhinos have been around for 50 million years

3. Humans have caused the drastic decline in numbers

4. Rhinos are an umbrella species
When protecting and managing a rhino population, rangers and scientists take in account all the other species interacting with rhinos and those sharing the same habitat. When rhinos are protected, many other species are too; not only mammals but also birds, reptiles, fish and insects as well as plants.

5. Rhinos are charismatic mega-herbivores!
By focusing on a well-known animal such as a rhino (or, to use the jargon, a charismatic mega-herbivore), we can raise more money and consequently support more conservation programmes benefiting animal and plant species sharing their habitat.

6. Rhinos attract visitors and tourists
Rhinos are the second-biggest living land mammals after the elephants. Together with lion, giraffe, chimpanzee and polar bear, the rhino is one of the most popular species with zoo visitors. In the wild, rhinos attract tourists who bring money to national parks and local communities. They are one of the “Big Five”, along with lion, leopard, elephant and buffalo.

7. In situ conservation programmes need our help
Protecting and managing a rhino population is a real challenge that costs energy and money. Rhino-range countries need our financial support, and benefit from shared expertise and exchange of ideas.

8. Money funds effective conservation programmes that save rhinos
We know that conservation efforts save species. The Southern white rhino would not exist today if it were not for the work of a few determined people, who brought together the 200 or so individuals surviving, for a managed breeding and re-introduction programme. Today, there are some 17,500 Southern white rhinos.

9. Many people don’t know that rhinos are critically endangered

10. We all have an opportunity to get involved!

You can help us raise awareness of the plight of the rhino! The more we do all together, the more people will learn about rhinos and the more field projects we will be able to support. There are lots of fundraising ideas scattered in the 'Support us' section, as well as ways to donate directly to Save the Rhino. And there are rhino-themed games and puzzles in the 'Rhino info' section!









prepared by,
Azizatul :D
Shahirah :)
Iqffa :D
Balqis :)

Sharks

SHARK

Sharks (superorder Selachimorpha) are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a highly streamlined body. The earliest known sharks date from more than 420 million years ago.

 
Since that time, sharks have diversified into 440 species, ranging in size from the small dwarf lanternshark, Etmopterus perryi, a deep sea species of only 17 centimetres (6.7 in) in length, to the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, the largest fish, which reaches approximately 12 metres (39 ft 4 in) and which feeds only on plankton, squid, and small fish by filter feeding.

Sharks are found in all seas and are common down to depths of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). They generally do not live in freshwater, with a few exceptions such as the bull shark and the river shark which can live both in seawater and freshwater.

They breathe through five to seven gill slits. Sharks have a covering of dermal denticles that protects their skin from damage and parasites, and improves their fluid dynamics so the shark can move faster. They have several sets of replaceable teeth.

The Shark’s Body Structure

Sharks have a boneless skeleton made up of a tough, elastic substance. The name of this substance is "cartilage". Some of the shark species have rounded bodies like a torpedo. Others have flat bodies as thin as a playing card. Others have pectoral fins that help balance the front of their body.

harks have a large liver with oil that helps sharks from sinking. Still they must constantly swim to keep from sinking. Sharks have several rows of teeth. New teeth replace old ones regularly, every one to two weeks. Some have molar like grinding teeth, others have razor cutting teeth. Lastly, some have pointed teeth. Most sharks have their mouths on the undersides of their heads. A few have their mouths in front of their heads like the Whale and Angel Sharks.


Small tooth-like scales cover a shark's body. These scales are called placid scales, and they make a shark's skin very rough. Dried shark skin was called shagreen and was used for sandpaper. There are five to seven slits in the skin of each shark on each side of their head. Water passes through these slits after the oxygen is taken. Sharks can't pump water through their gills, so they rely on constant swimming to force water through their mouth and through the gills. This is called ramjet ventilation.

Species
These are the examples for well-known shark species.
Great white sharks

Tiger shark

Blue Shark

Mako Shark

Hammerhead

Habitats
Sharks are in equilibrium with the populations of their prey and thus play a role in maintaining a stable marine ecosystem.


In the oceans sharks are the most widely distributed hunters weighing more than 50 kg. They are called top predators because they are at the peak of the food pyramid. Some sharks are so-called super-predators which means they have no natural enemies except parasites and pathogens. White sharks, tiger sharks, oceanic whitetip sharks, as well as ocean mammals such as killer whales and sperm whales belong to the oceans' so-called super-predators.
Sharks play a key role as top predators. Directly or indirectly they regulate the natural balance of the populations of this food pyramid. Because they usually hunt older, weaker or sick prey, they also help maintain the health of the prey population. Healthy and strong individuals thus have a better chance of reproducing and passing on their genes.


Why are they endangered?
The reason that so many sharks are listed on the endangered sharks list today, and why so many more species are constantly being added to the list as time goes on, is mainly because of the actions of humans.

There is a huge market for the different parts of the shark such as the fins, teeth and cartilage. As one shark fin can be sold for up to $100.00! They use the fins in shark fin soup and the fins add no flavour to the soup and only texture! They die a cruel death. The result of the growth of this market is the increased need for shark fishing. Commercial fishing is to blame for the millions of shark deaths every year and unfortunately this number will continue to rise if something isn’t done to stop it.

The destruction of previous shark habitat is another cause for concern because it too can negatively affect the reproduction process of the shark. One of the most critical habitat environments known as the mangrove is constantly being destroyed by commercial fishing nets, large barge ships, cruise liners and their over-sized watercraft. The mangrove is the area where shark breeding takes place and without it, sharks do not have a safe place to raise their young. The constant slaughtering of sharks by humans and the destruction of precious habitat are two main causes for the massive decline in overall shark.

Examples of endangered shark species are shown as following.
-          Angular angel shark
-          Basking shark
-          Bigeye thresher
-          Bluegrey carpetshark
-          Borneo shark
-          Dusky shark
-          Ganges shark
-          Great White shark
-          Gulper shark.
-          Oceanic Whitetip shark
-          Tiger shark
-          Pondicherry shark.
-          Porbeagle shark
-          School shark
-          Smooth Hammerhead
-          Smoothback angelshark
-          Smoothtooth blacktip shark
-          Speartooth shark
-          Whale shark
-          Whitefin topeshark

The following are several organization which helps to conserve and preserve sharks.
i.    Oceana
-      The largest international organization focused solely on ocean conservation. Visit their website for more information at http://na.oceana.org/ .
ii.   Shark Trust
-     The Shark Trust is the UK charity for shark conservation. The Trust works to advance the worldwide conservation of sharks through science, education, influence and action. Have a look at their official website at http://www.sharktrust.org/
iii.   Shark Research Committee (SRC)
-     The Shark Research is conducting original research on the general biology, behavior and ecology of sharks indigenous to waters off the Pacific Coast, with particular emphasis on potentially dangerous species. Visit their website at http://www.sharkresearchcommittee.com/ to support them !

Prepared by,
- Keng Jean
- Le Ee
- Li Yin
- Rashmika

The Big Cat: Tigers

General Information: 
Scientific Name:  
Neofelis tigris.
Kind of Animal:  
Mammals.
Order of Mammals:  
Carnivores.
Family of carnivores:  
Felids or cats. 

Greatest weight:   
662 pounds.
Greatest Length:  
11 feets (from head to tail)
Lifespan:  
12 to 20 years.


Location:
•the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea to Siberia and Indonesia.
India in the west to China
Southeast Asia in the east.[16]
•south eastern Siberia.
Sumatra~The only large island inhabited by tigers today is.
Java and Bali~Tigers vanished during the 20th century.
 Borneo~they are known only from fossil remains

What do they usually do?
Tiger swim too you know!
  • Tiger usually hunts alone. It can’t run very far, so it has to surprise other animals in order to catch them.
  • The tiger sneaks up silently on its prey, then pounces.
  • Tigers often hunt at night in the back of their eyes is a mirror-like layer called the tapetum to help see in the dark.
Why are tigers endangered?

*Some people will pay 65,000 dollars for 1 tiger skin

Almost everything related to the tiger has been sold and held in high esteem and price, be it their claws, their fur, their teeth and in some cases, their eyes.
The tiger's body organs have also been rumored to be a cure for many of human ailments.
Tigers fur are wanted
Most of the tiger's body parts are said to be aphrodisiacs, medicines or poisons - possibly the most powerful in the world. This false notion has therefore made hunters hunt tigers for their whiskers, the aforementioned whiskers, their eyes, the aforementioned talismans and their penises, liver and fat, the aforementioned aphrodisiacs. The bones of a tiger are also said to be prized medicines.


Groups that Help:
WWF (World Wide Fund For Nature) Malaysia
PAWS (Performing Animal Welfare Society)



The tiger family

The KING of the jungle



By,
-Sayidatul Sakeena
-Wan Norliyana
-Intan Arina
-Noor Fara Idayu
-Nadia